From Prototype to Production: Scaling a Custom ITO Glass Heater Project

https://semiconductor-heat-hub.terracolumn.com/posts/glass-heater-selection-guide-for-engineers-and-product-developers

In camera windows, an ITO glass heater must deliver heat in a controlled way. It uses a transparent conductive ITO layer applied to glass. One useful trait is full-surface heating. Still, edge losses can change the result